Achieving global health goals faces significant challenges, with progress slowing since 2015 in areas like maternal morality, permature deaths from major noncommunicable diseases, and access to essential healthcare.

Investments in green infrastructure further contribute to the sustainability of cities.

Cities are the heart of modern life. Over half of the world's population – an estimated 4.4 billion people – live in urban areas.

Since 2015, global manufacturing employment has fluctuated. Startin at 14.3% in 2015, it dipped to 14.2% in 202 but saw a marginal recovery in 2021. However, by 2022, it declined to 14.1%, with notable regional disparities.